Which of the following processes can be classified under finishing processes?

Grinding is classified as a finishing process because it involves the removal of small amounts of material from a workpiece to achieve precise dimensions, surface quality, and a smooth finish. This process is typically performed after rough machining operations to enhance the surface characteristics of the material, ensuring it meets stringent specifications for accuracy and texture.

In contrast, turning is primarily a machining process aimed at shaping the material rather than finishing it. Welding and casting are processes used primarily for joining materials and creating parts from raw materials, respectively, rather than refining the surface or dimensions of an existing part. Finishing processes like grinding are crucial in applications where surface integrity and precision are vital.