Which device is commonly used to hold cylindrical parts on a lathe?

The correct answer is the chuck, which is a device commonly found on lathes for holding cylindrical parts securely during machining operations. Chucks come in various designs, such as three-jaw and four-jaw configurations, allowing for the effective gripping of workpieces that can be symmetrically or asymmetrically shaped.

A chuck provides significant advantages in terms of accuracy, stability, and ease of use when working with rotary motion. Its ability to grip materials firmly while allowing for fine adjustments makes it essential for tasks like turning, facing, and drilling. The design of a chuck enables it to handle various diameters and shapes, supporting a range of cylindrical workpieces effectively.

While clamps, vices, and fixtures serve specific purposes in securing materials, they are not typically used for holding cylindrical parts on a lathe in the same way a chuck does. Clamps are often used for securing parts to a bench or in assembly operations, vices are more common for milling machines or general workholding rather than turning operations, and fixtures are custom-designed devices for specific jobs rather than a standard holding mechanism for cylindrical parts on lathes.