Which component holds the workpiece at one end of a lathe?

The component that holds the workpiece at one end of a lathe is the tailstock. The tailstock provides support for the workpiece, especially when it is long or needs additional stability during machining. It can also accommodate tools such as a center or drill bit, which can be used to create round features or holes in the workpiece.

While the headstock is often responsible for driving the spindle and providing the main rotation of the workpiece, it serves a different role than the tailstock. The toolpost is primarily used to hold and position the cutting tool rather than the workpiece itself, and the chuck is a clamping device that holds the workpiece in place but is typically attached to the headstock. In this context, the tailstock's function is crucial for effective machining, especially for operations that require precise control over the workpiece's position.