What type of force does compression represent when applied to cutting?

Compression in cutting processes refers to a pushing or pressing force that acts to deform or break material. When cutting with tools, such as in machining operations, the forces applied to the workpiece can be categorized based on their nature. Compression specifically describes the scenario where the cutting tool exerts force towards the workpiece, compressing the material in the process.

In many cutting operations, such as turning or milling, the tool engages the workpiece at an angle that creates a compressive force leading to shearing and material removal. This interaction is crucial because it helps define the cutting dynamics, including the forces involved and how the material deforms before it is cut away. Understanding the nature of compression aids machinists in selecting the appropriate tools and conditions to optimize cutting performance and minimize tool wear or failure.