What term describes the arrangement of particles or atoms within a material?

The term that best describes the arrangement of particles or atoms within a material is "Internal Structure." This phrase encompasses how atoms or particles are organized, which can significantly affect the material's properties such as strength, ductility, and thermal conductivity. Understanding the internal structure is crucial in materials science as it helps engineers and scientists predict how a material will behave under different conditions.

In contrast, the other terms do indicate various aspects of materials, but they do not specifically refer to the spatial arrangement of particles. "Material Composition" focuses on the types and proportions of elements or compounds present in the material rather than their arrangement. "Particle Distribution" might suggest the spread of particles within a certain volume but does not elaborate on how these particles are arranged in relation to one another. Similarly, "Atomic Configuration" refers to the specific arrangement of atoms in a molecule but does not capture the broader context of how those atoms are organized in a bulk material. Therefore, "Internal Structure" is the most fitting choice for describing the arrangement of particles or atoms within a material.