What term describes deformed metal that sticks to the cutting edge of a tool under pressure and temperature?

The term that describes deformed metal adhering to the cutting edge of a tool due to pressure and temperature is known as the Built-Up Edge. This phenomenon occurs during the machining process when the material being cut softens under heat and pressure, causing a small amount of that material to bond with the tool.

The presence of a built-up edge can influence the cutting process significantly, often leading to variations in the cutting temperature, surface finish of the workpiece, and wear characteristics of the tool. As the built-up edge forms, it can also sometimes help in reducing tool wear by acting as a cushion or barrier to further wear mechanisms, although excessive build-up can negatively affect the cutting performance and surface quality.

Understanding built-up edge is essential for machinists and engineers as it directly impacts machining efficiency and tool longevity. Recognizing ways to manage or minimize this effect, such as adjusting cutting speeds, feeds, or lubricants, is crucial for optimal metal cutting operations.