What is the process of transforming a solid material into a gas through heat application called?

The process of transforming a solid material directly into a gas through the application of heat is known as sublimation. During sublimation, the solid phase skips the liquid phase entirely and converts directly into vapor when heat is applied. This phenomenon occurs under specific conditions of temperature and pressure, where the solid absorbs enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces and transition into a gaseous state.

The other terms mentioned are related to phase changes as well, but they pertain to different transitions. For example, evaporation refers to the process where a liquid becomes a gas, while condensation is the reverse process, where a gas turns into a liquid. The term "vaporize" is generally used to describe the phase change of a liquid into a gas, which also does not apply in this context since we are specifically discussing the direct transition from solid to gas.