What is the function of a chuck on a lathe or machine tool?

The function of a chuck on a lathe or machine tool is primarily to hold the workpiece in place securely during machining operations. The chuck is a clamping device that grasps and stabilizes the material being worked on, allowing for precision and accuracy throughout the cutting process. By maintaining a tight grip on the workpiece, the chuck prevents movement or vibration, which is essential for achieving the desired dimensions and surface quality.

Holding the workpiece securely is crucial, as any slipping can lead to imprecise cuts or even damage to both the material and the tooling. Chucks come in various designs, such as three-jaw or four-jaw configurations, tailored for different shapes and sizes of workpieces, ensuring versatility in machining applications.

The other functions listed, such as cutting materials, measuring workpiece dimensions, and cooling cutting tools, are performed by different components of the machining setup and do not relate directly to the primary role of the chuck.