What instrument is used to measure small distances and angles with a dial?

The instrument designed to measure small distances and angles with a dial is the dial indicator. Dial indicators are precision measuring tools that use a dial gauge to provide a visual reading of measurements. They are particularly useful for measuring deviations in a surface's flatness or for determining small changes in dimensions during machining processes.

The dial indicator consists of a plunger that contacts the surface being measured and a dial that displays the measurement. This setup allows for quick and accurate readings, making it an essential tool in metalworking and machining applications. It is especially effective for measuring small differences in height or depth, which is crucial for ensuring precise fits and tolerances in metal components.

Other instruments mentioned are suitable for different types of measurements: calipers are used for linear measurements of external and internal dimensions; micrometers provide very precise measurement typically for small parts; while levels are used to assess the horizontal or vertical alignment of surfaces. Each tool has its specific applications, but for measuring small distances and angles specifically with a dial, the dial indicator is the most appropriate choice.