What does deflection refer to in machining?

Deflection in machining specifically refers to the unintended movement or bending of a cutting tool or the workpiece when force is applied during the machining process. This phenomenon can occur due to several factors, such as the cutting forces acting on the tool, the rigidity of the machining setup, and the material properties being machined. When deflection occurs, it can lead to inaccuracies in the dimensional and geometric features of the part being manufactured, negatively impacting the quality of the final product.

Understanding deflection is crucial for machinists because it affects surface finish, tolerance, and tool life. By recognizing and minimizing deflection, operators can improve machining efficiency and the precision of their work.